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Kyui is the priceless musical heritage of the Kazakh people. The sages of antiquity said: "The almighty has put a piece of kyui into the soul of every Kazakh from the moment of his birth." One of these brightest representatives of the people of the Great Steppe is the composer Dina Nurpeisova, whose 160th birthday is celebrated this year.
The famous kyuishi was born in 1861 in the place called Naryn-kum, now West Kazakhstan region. From an early age, the girl grew up to the sounds of dobra, which was played by her father Kenzhe. Her mother, Zhanikha, was also musically gifted. Dina had two sisters who also grew up in the atmosphere of music from childhood. They sang well, and over time, Dina began to accompany their singing by playing the dombra.
At the age of nine, Dina already skillfully performed the kyuis of Dauletkerei, Kurmangazy, Mukhit, Musirali, Uzak, Alikey, Turkesh, Eszhan, Bayzhuma, Balamaisan and other famous kuyshi. In a short time, her fame spread widely around and she became known as the"dombrist girl". The news about Dina reached the famous kyuishi Kurmangazy, who once even came to listen to the girl. He was pleased with her performance and gave her his blessing.
Dina Nurpeisova recalled the words of Kurmangazy: "You are a gifted child, you have been marked by the almighty. You will become a great musician and bring joy to the people who will listen to you. I bless you." Kurmangazy became her mentor, and later took her with him to various musical competitions, showed her the techniques of playing the dombra.
Dina Nurpeisova's friendship with the great teacher lasted 11 years. As the composer recalled, this friendship enriched her spiritually, opened the world of great art to her, taught a creative attitude to life and brought up her as an artist-musician. "Every time I learned something new from a great master of dombra. He liked to listen to my play and called me his best student more than once. Every instruction he gave was a law for me", Dina Nurpeisova recalled.
In 1880, 19-year-old Dina Kenzhekyzy got married. Aksakal Kurmangazy also was at the wedding and presented his personal dombra to the bride as a wedding gift. He blessed the student, emphasizing that she can create kyuis herself. One of the first works of Dina Nurpeisova was "Bulbul", "Baizhuma", "Zhiger".
In the hungry years of the 1930s, Dina's family moved to the Caspian Sea. They settled in the village of Kozlovo, Astrakhan region. In 1937, Akhmet Zhubanov asked the dombrist Smagul Koshekbaev to bring Dina Nurpeisova to Almaty. In the autumn of the same year, D. Nurpeisova took part in the Second Republican Meeting of national talents. The jury unanimously awarded her the first place for her masterful performance of kyuis. D. Nurpeisova was hired by the Kazakh Philharmonic, and she was awarded the title of "Honored Artist".
Academician Akhmet Zhubanov, who revealed Dina's talent to the world, said: "Dina's performing techniques were unique, not found in any of the followers of Kurmangazy, Dauletkerei and many other folk composers. The talented dombrist has created her own performing school".
In 1937, Dina Nurpeisova met Zhambyl Zhabayev. This acquaintance also developed into a great creative friendship. In 1939, the composer and performer D. Nurpeisova took part in the All-Union Competition of performers on folk instruments in Moscow, where she took 1st place among 9 performers. In 1944, Dina Nurpeisova was 83 years old, and in the same year, she took part in the Third Decade of Music of the Republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan in Tashkent. In the same year, she was awarded the title "People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR".
The works of the last years of an amazing Kazakh performer "Toi Bastar", "Domalatpay", "Nauysky" ("Nauai"), "Asemkogyr", "Zhiger" are deep compositions, full of folk wisdom and beauty. D. Nurpeisova gave her last public concert in 1952 at the age of 91. The outstanding dombrist passed away on January 31, 1955, in Almaty.
Streets, schools, and parks are named in memory of Dina Nurpeisova in Kazakhstan. Four recognized orchestras of folk instruments bear the name of the famous composer. In Atyrau, there is a bronze monument to the great dombrist in front of the Dina Nurpeisova Music Academy. In 2011, a commemorative postage stamp was issued in Kazakhstan to mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of D. Nurpeisova.
The memory of the outstanding daughter of the Kazakh people is also preserved by the books presented in the collection of the Library of Elbassy. Among them, a monograph by A. Seidimbek "Kazaqtyn kuı onerі", a book by K. Oryngali "Dina kuyshi". These publications include the works by D. Nurpeisova, as well as the memoirs of her contemporaries, the works of researchers of her creativity, and the memoirs of her descendants.